Autori: Yuri Battaglia1, Pasquale Esposito2, Salvatore Corrao3, Alda Storari1, Alessandro Balducci4, Domenico Russo5.
Affiliazioni: 1 University-Hospital St. Anna, Nephrology, Ferrara 2 Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nephrology, Pavia 3 National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust, Internal Medicine, Palermo. 4 Fondazione Italiana del Rene Onlus, Roma 5 University Federico II, Nephrology, Napoli.
Introductions: “School project” of Italian Kidney Day (IKD) is a national campaign, promoted by the Italian Kidney Foundation and the Italian Society of Nephrology aimed at raising awareness, detection, prevention, and treatment of kidney diseases.
The object of the present study was to assess the presence of urinalysis abnormalities and their associations with hypertension and obesity in IKD during the period 2008–2016
Methods: Study population consisted of 17 to 25-year-old students attending Italian high schools. Blood pressure (BP), weight, height, waist circumference (WC) were measured. According to BMI, normal weight was from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/ m2, overweight from 25 to 29.99 kg/m2, class-I obesity from 30 to 34.99 kg/m2, class-II from 35 to 39.99 kg/m2, class- III>40 kg/m2.
A urine test was performed with a dipstick; subjects were considered proteinuric when the urine dipstick was positive for proteinuria ≥30 mg/dL. HTN was defined as SBP≥140 mmHg and/or DBP≥90 mmHg, pre- hypertension as SBP of 120 mmHg but lower than 140 mmHg or DBP of 80 mmHg but lower than 90 mmHg. Stage-1 HTN as SBP of 140 mmHg but lower than 160 mmHg or DBP of 90 mmHg but lower than 100 mmHg, and Stage-2 HTN as SBP≥160 mmHg or DBP≥100 mmHg. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was defined as SBP≥140 mmHg and DBP≤90 mmHg.
Results: Comprehensive data from 12,125 students (45.6% males) were evaluated. Incident HTN was found in 1348 (11.1 %) participants (61.1% male) and ISH was present in 7.4% of students. Overweight (24.1%) and class-I (11.0%), II (2.4%), III (1.0%) obesity was present in hypertensive participants (HP).
Compared to participants with optimal blood pressure, HP had median: BMI=24.1 (IQR:23.5-24.8) Vs 22.01 (IQR:21.93 – 22.09), p=0.001; WC= 87.79 (IQR:85.59-90.00) Vs 81.17(IQR:80.88-81.47), p=0.001. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed both WC and BMI were predictors of SBP and DBP(p=0.001) in males and females. At urine dipstick, proteinuria was present in 14.7%, leucocyturia in 14.5 %, haematuria in 8.6%
Conclusions: This study shows that BMI is significantly associated to the presence of HTN and, WC is associated to levels of SBP and DBP in healthy young people.